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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Object-Oriented Programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of “objects”, which can contain data (attributes) and code (methods).
Four Pillars of OOP
1. Encapsulation
Bundling data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit (class).
public class BankAccount { private double balance; // Encapsulated data
public void deposit(double amount) { balance += amount; }
public double getBalance() { return balance; }}2. Inheritance
Creating new classes based on existing ones.
class Animal { void eat() { System.out.println("Eating..."); }}
class Dog extends Animal { void bark() { System.out.println("Barking..."); }}3. Polymorphism
Objects of different types can be treated as objects of a common base type.
Animal myDog = new Dog();Animal myCat = new Cat();myDog.makeSound(); // "Woof!"myCat.makeSound(); // "Meow!"4. Abstraction
Hiding complex implementation details and showing only essential features.
abstract class Shape { abstract double area(); // Abstract method}
class Circle extends Shape { double radius; double area() { return Math.PI * radius * radius; }}Benefits
- Modularity - Code organized into reusable classes
- Reusability - Inheritance promotes code reuse
- Flexibility - Polymorphism enables flexible designs
- Maintainability - Encapsulation protects internal state
When to Use OOP
- Large applications with complex relationships
- Teams working on different modules
- Projects requiring frequent updates
- GUI applications, games, simulations
Conclusion
OOP provides powerful tools for modeling real-world problems and building scalable software systems.
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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
https://ahzer0coder.github.io/posts/oop/ Some information may be outdated